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Compare Spratly Islands (2002) - Dominica (2005)

Compare Spratly Islands (2002) z Dominica (2005)

 Spratly Islands (2002)Dominica (2005)
 Spratly IslandsDominica
Administrative divisions - 10 parishes; Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Luke, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick, Saint Paul, Saint Peter
Age structure - 0-14 years: 26.7% (male 9,328/female 9,125)


15-64 years: 65.4% (male 23,225/female 21,900)


65 years and over: 7.9% (male 2,193/female 3,258) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products - bananas, citrus, mangoes, root crops, coconuts, cocoa; forest and fishery potential not exploited
Airports 4 (2001) 2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)		 total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)		 -
Area total: less than 5 sq km


land: less than 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea		 total: 754 sq km


land: 754 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative NA slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC
Background This archipelago - surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits - is claimed in its entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. All five parties occupy certain islands or reefs. Dominica was the last of the Caribbean islands to be colonized by Europeans, due chiefly to the fierce resistance of the native Caribs. France ceded possession to Great Britain in 1763, which made the island a colony in 1805. In 1980, two years after independence, Dominica's fortunes improved when a corrupt and tyrannical administration was replaced by that of Mary Eugenia CHARLES, the first female prime minister in the Caribbean, who remained in office for 15 years. Some 3,000 Carib Indians still living on Dominica are the only pre-Columbian population remaining in the eastern Caribbean.
Birth rate - 15.73 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget - revenues: $73.9 million


expenditures: $84.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2001)
Capital - Roseau
Climate tropical tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall
Coastline 926 km 148 km
Constitution - 3 November 1978
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Spratly Islands		 conventional long form: Commonwealth of Dominica


conventional short form: Dominica
Death rate - 6.81 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external - $161.5 million (2001)
Diplomatic representation from the US - the US does not have an embassy in Dominica; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Dominica
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission: Ambassador Swinburne LESTRADE


chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016


telephone: [1] (202) 364-6781


FAX: [1] (202) 364-6791


consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands, but has not publicly claimed the island; in 2000, China joined ASEAN discussions towards creating a South China Sea "code of conduct" - a non-legally binding confidence building measure joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UNCLOS, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the Caribbean Sea
Economic aid - recipient - $22.8 million (2003 est.)
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored, and there are no reliable estimates of potential reserves; commercial exploitation has yet to be developed. The Dominican economy depends on agriculture, primarily bananas, and remains highly vulnerable to climatic conditions and international economic developments. Production of bananas dropped precipitously in 2003, a major reason for the 1% decline in GDP. Tourism increased in 2003 as the government sought to promote Dominica as an "ecotourism" destination. Development of the tourism industry remains difficult, however, because of the rugged coastline, lack of beaches, and the absence of an international airport. The government began a comprehensive restructuring of the economy in 2003 - including elimination of price controls, privatization of the state banana company, and tax increases - to address Dominica's economic crisis and to meet IMF targets. In order to diversify the island's production base the government is attempting to develop an offshore financial sector and is planning to construct an oil refinery on the eastern part of the island.
Electricity - consumption - 63.62 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production - 68.41 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m		 lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m


highest point: Morne Diablatins 1,447 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups - black, mixed black and European, European, Syrian, Carib Amerindian
Exchange rates - East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000)
Executive branch - chief of state: President Nicholas J. O. LIVERPOOL (since October 2003)


head of government: Prime Minister Roosevelt SKERRIT (since 8 January 2004); note - assumed post after death of Prime Minister Pierre CHARLES


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister


elections: president elected by the House of Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 1 October 2003 (next to be held October 2008); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Nicholas LIVERPOOL elected president; percent of legislative vote - NA%
Exports - NA
Exports - commodities - bananas, soap, bay oil, vegetables, grapefruit, oranges
Exports - partners - UK 21.6%, Jamaica 14.8%, Antigua and Barbuda 8.8%, Guyana 7.5%, Japan 5.4%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.8%, US 4.3%, Saint Lucia 4% (2004)
Fiscal year - 1 July - 30 June
Flag description - green, with a centered cross of three equal bands - the vertical part is yellow (hoist side), black, and white and the horizontal part is yellow (top), black, and white; superimposed in the center of the cross is a red disk bearing a sisserou parrot encircled by 10 green, five-pointed stars edged in yellow; the 10 stars represent the 10 administrative divisions (parishes)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 18%


industry: 24%


services: 58% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $5,500 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - -1% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 8 38 N, 111 55 E 15 25 N, 61 20 W
Geography - note strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs known as "The Nature Island of the Caribbean" due to its spectacular, lush, and varied flora and fauna, which are protected by an extensive natural park system; the most mountainous of the Lesser Antilles, its volcanic peaks are cones of lava craters and include Boiling Lake, the second-largest, thermally active lake in the world
Highways - total: 780 km


paved: 393 km


unpaved: 387 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs - transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; minor cannabis producer; anti-money-laundering enforcement is weak, making the country particularly vulnerable to money laundering
Imports - NA
Imports - commodities - manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, food, chemicals
Imports - partners - China 20.4%, US 16.8%, Trinidad and Tobago 12.3%, UK 6.9%, South Korea 4.6%, Japan 4.3% (2004)
Independence - 3 November 1978 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate - -10% (1997 est.)
Industries - soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement blocks, shoes
Infant mortality rate - total: 14.15 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 18.68 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 9.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 1% (2001 est.)
International organization participation - ACCT, ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch - Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of the Court of Appeal and the High Court (located in Saint Lucia; one of the six judges must reside in Dominica and preside over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)
Labor force - 25,000 (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 40%, industry and commerce 32%, services 28%
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)		 arable land: 6.67%


permanent crops: 20%


other: 73.33% (2001)
Languages - English (official), French patois
Legal system - based on English common law
Legislative branch - unicameral House of Assembly (30 seats, 9 appointed senators, 21 elected by popular vote; members serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 5 May 2005 (next to be held by 5 August 2010); note - tradition dictates that the election will be held within five years of the last election, but technically it is five years from the first seating of parliament (12 May 2005) plus a 90-day grace period


election results: percent of vote by party - DLP 52.08%, UWP 43.6%, DFP 3.15%; seats by party - DLP 12, UWP 8, independent 1
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 74.65 years


male: 71.73 years


female: 77.71 years (2005 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school


total population: 94%


male: 94%


female: 94% (2003 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about one-half of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago
Map references Southeast Asia Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims NA territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine - total: 32 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 13,771 GRT/19,736 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 19, chemical tanker 2, container 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 5, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1


foreign-owned: 21 (Estonia 6, Greece 3, Pakistan 1, Russia 2, Singapore 6, Syria 2, UAE 1) (2005)
Military - note Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam -
Military branches - no regular military forces; Commonwealth of Dominica Police Force (includes Coast Guard)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA
National holiday - Independence Day, 3 November (1978)
Nationality - noun: Dominican(s)


adjective: Dominican
Natural hazards typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months
Natural resources fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential timber, hydropower, arable land
Net migration rate - -11.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Charles SAVARIN]; Dominica Labor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]; United Workers Party or UWP [Edison JAMES]
Political pressure groups and leaders - Dominica Liberation Movement or DLM (a small leftist party)
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states (July 2002 est.)		 69,029 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line - 30% (2002 est.)
Population growth rate - -0.27% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Portsmouth, Roseau
Radio broadcast stations - AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 0 (2004)
Religions - Roman Catholic 77%, Protestant 15% (Methodist 5%, Pentecostal 3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3%, Baptist 2%, other 2%), other 6%, none 2%
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: NA


domestic: fully automatic network


international: country code - 1-767; microwave radio relay and SHF radiotelephone links to Martinique and Guadeloupe; VHF and UHF radiotelephone links to Saint Lucia
Telephones - main lines in use - 23,700 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 9,400 (2002)
Television broadcast stations - 1 (2004)
Terrain flat rugged mountains of volcanic origin
Total fertility rate - 1.96 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate - 23% (2000 est.)
Waterways none -
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